Various Kinds of Programming Languages
Programming Language
1. LANGUAGE C
1.1 History of Language C
Root of the C language is the language BCPL, developed by "Grandpa" Martin Richar in 1967. This language gives the idea to "Uncle" Ken Thompson, who later developed a language I would call a language B in 1970. The later development of language B is a C language by the "Bang" denies Ricthie around the 1970s at Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc. (Now is the AT & T Bell Laboratories). C language was first used in digital computer equipment Corportaion PDP-11 that uses the UNIX operating system.
The popularity of the C language which sold well emang boiled peanuts are rich already, make versions of this language made for a lot of micro computers. To create these versions of the standard, ANSI (American National Standards Institute) to make committee sualtu
(ANSI Committee X3J11) in 1983 which then set the ANSI standard for the language C. This ANSI standard was based from an extended UNIX standard.
ANSI rests set as many as 32 fruits standard key words.
C language is not an OOP (Object Oriented Programming), Stripping Languange, or Visual programming. Klo diibaratin human ama ni C language also has the same shortcomings of weakness .....
2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
Pros:
- Language C is available to almost all types of computers
C language is a computer language koputer yag available both in the micro as well as in large computer (mainframe computer).
- C language code is the portable nature
Application written in C for a particular computer can be used on other computers with only a little modification.
- Language C only provides a few keywords.
We have noted that the ANSI standard C language only requires as many as 32 key words and key turbo only provides 39 key words. Let us bandingin with other languages that emang nyediain hundreds of key words. The fewer the keywords used by a language, the easier for the user created equal ngegunain learn the language.
- C language program executable process faster
Because the C language philosofi which was just set aside some key words, then the consequences of the results of the program can compile the C language dimasing will own a relatively faster process compared with results from other languages.
- Support the library lot
It has been mentioned that the reliability achieved by the C language functions libraries. This library functions provided by the C language versions of each, or can be purchased from other sources. Thousands of C library functions have been available on the market today, ranging from library functions simple to complex, such as it Functions libraries to create an index of the database file using B + tree is used in dBASE.
- C is a structured language
C language has a good structure so it is easy to understand. C disubut with language that is structured by using these functions as part of programs. A good structure of the C language will, in addition to easy to learn, and also facilitate in making the program, facilitate the tracking error menghasailkan aka da program a good program documentation.
Disadvantages:
- Number of Operators and the flexibility of writing courses are sometimes confusing users.
- For beginners in general will have difficulty using a pointer
1.3 C Language Application
- C language was first used in the Computer Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 that uses the UNIX operating system
- Language C is also used to compile the Linux operating
- Many popular programming languages such as PHP and Java using the basic syntax of the language like C.
Example program:
# Include
# Include
void main ()
(
long int D;
unsign long int Start, B;
clrscr ();
printf ("Enter Integer Value?");
scanf ("% 1d, & D");
printf ("
");
printf ("Value binaries are:");
start = pow (2, sizeof (D) * 8-1);
for (B = Beginning; B> 0, B = B / 2)
if (D & B) == B) printf ("a");
else printf ("0");
printf ("
");
printf ("Value =% 1x Heksadesimalnya
", D)
)
2. C + +
1.1 History
Starting early in 1980, Bjarne Stroustrup of AT & T Bell Laboratories began to develop the language C. In 1985, the new language was officially born product of the development known as C and C + +. Actually C + + language has two stages of evolution. C + + The first, released by AT & T Laboratories, named cfront. C + + version of this ancient form only compiler that translates C + + became the language C.
In subsequent evolution, Borland International Inc.. C + + compiler developed into a compiler that can convert C + + directly into machine language (assembly). Since this evolution, starting in 1990 C + + object-oriented language being used by most professional programmers.
2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
C + + that's basically the C language is also, well the main C capability that is like:
Ø able to access the computer hardware components with a syntax that is more humane than his Assembly Language Standard.
Ø ANSI can be used in different platforms
Ø The program speed as compared with the same program made in other languages, relatively faster ...
further
excess of C + + includes all the advantages of C but with major enhancements such as for example the handling of complexity with OOP
Disadvantages:
One weakness is the lack of C + + libraries built in, so that for certain processes we need to create a program built from scratch nearly, or from the most basic. Moreover C + + language today is less so popular because we are still thinking about the programming of machines rather than thinking about probis (business process) that should be our goal.
2.3 C + + Applications
- As a programming language in Windows, UNIX, Linux.
- Visual C + + can be made any applications such as databases.
- Language for making operating systems, gaming, control systems, manufacturing applications
- To create a new language or create a new language compiler
- To write a component and library files of other languages
Example program:
# Include
int main ()
(
int n;
court <<"Enter the starting number>";
cin>> n;
while (n> 0) (
court <<> 8
8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, FIRE!
3. JAVA
1.3 History
Start Java was released in 1990 as a programming language called Oak, The Sun MycroSystem establish a working group consisting of qualified programmers to create new products and expand market Sun.Oak first designed for personal digital assistance called * 7 which will be marketed Sun Graphical User Interface facilities.
Apparently * 7 was never marketed and coincidentally Sun formed a company called FirstPerson to develop * 7 in the form of TV set-top boxes for interactive television. Because competition is so tight, the prospect of interactive TV finally decreased and finally Oak does not sell well in the market. But since FirstPerson and Oak failures rise of the Internet pioneers, especially the World Wide Web such as Netscape to start making software that allows the connection between the Internet with the WWW. Sun finally realized that Oak has a great chance to make an access point to the Web. Not long after Oak was launched on the Internet with a new name, namely Java.
Right now Java is still in early stages of development and have started to influence the direction of the computer programming and Java programming internet.Bahasa released for free on the internet and Sun give full license to the implementation of the Java and all its components for use in a variety of software vendors with the expectation that the Internet can create a standard for web programming.
Java is a pure object-oriented programming language based on the best capabilities before the object programming language (C + +, Ada, Simula).
2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
Pros:
- Simple and Powerful
We can learn to program with Java quickly if you already understand the basic concepts of object-oriented programming is only necessary to understand some concepts to be able to write a satisfactory program. Java does not have things that are surprising and strange. Unlike other programming language that offers dozens of ways to do one pekerjan, but all it takes precision and a high level of complexity.
- Safely
Most security problems, especially Internet networking applications generated from the old system because the system was not designed with the concept of Internet security. One of the key design principles of Java is safety and security. Java never had the facilities and security that is not secure until the need to be addressed specifically for security. Therefore, Java programs can not call functions globally and gain access to various sources in the system because there are a number of monitoring by the Java program that can not be performed by another system.
- Object Oriented
Java not revealed any programming language, is also completely incompatible with everything. This is because of freedom in the design of the chosen approach is clearly useful, and pragmatic. Java object module is a simple and easy to develop but in line with that, numbers and other simple data types are considered as non-high performance object. Most other object-oriented systems choose a rigid hierarchy of objects and unruly or choose to use the dynamic object model that does not have high performance and completeness. Java once again have a balance that provides a mechanism-class lawyer's simple with an intuitive dynamic interface model only if necessary. Understanding object-oriented programming style is very important and helps to learn how to program with Java.
Disadvantages:
- Java has a speed of less than C + + language
- Implementation of J2ME is not global. For example, J2ME for Motorola with J2ME for Sony Ericsson is not the same. Unlike more J2ME for Nokia. Every product always has a separate module which is considered odd application and should be compiled with different modules.
- Java takes a lot of computer memory
- Java is a complex and difficult language to learn
- Program created by this language more slowly than programs created with other languages like C or C + +.
3.3 Application of Java language
- Network Programming
- Making windows based application
- Programs to make the web
Example sitaks repetition or looping on the Java language using While:
Writing mode:
while (condition)
statement;
Example:
while (count <= 10) ( System.out.println ("count is not over 10"); ) Basic 4.Visual 4.1 History "Uncle" Bill Gates, Microsoft founder, started the software industry by developing the basic language interpreters for the Altair 8800, for then he changed to run on the IBM PC with DOS operating system. The next development is the launch of BASICA (basic-advanced) for DOS. After BASICA, Microsoft launched Microsoft's QuickBasic and Microsoft Basic (also known as Basic Compiler). History in the hands of Microsoft BASIC as the language is being interpreted (BASICA) and also a compiled language (BASCOM) makes Visual Basic is implemented as a combination of both. Programmers who use Visual Basic can choose the compiled code or code should be interpreted as a result of the executable from VB code. Unfortunately, despite already compiled a machine language, the DLL named MSVBVMxx.DLL still needed. However, the characteristics of the compiled language still appear (it is faster than if we use terinterpretasi mode). Visual Basic is a language that supports OOP, but not entirely. Some characteristics of the object can not be done in Visual Basic, such as Inheritance can not be done in a class module. Limited polymorphism can be done by declaring a class module that has a specific interface. Visual Basic (VB) is not case sensitive. Also Visual Basic also supports Visual Programming 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages: Pros: Commands in VB language is also very complete and in VB we can easily create a program without having to type in another programming language, but simply designed interface / display program in VB Editor superbly available. The most interesting part of VB ActiveX in particular is the availability of facilities. ActiveX is a program / facility that we can add input / load into a VB VB so the facility and the ability to continue to rise. Jam it if we want to create a button, others you must create a code that long just to make buttons. Besides the source code, VB OCX can be obtained on the internet very much. Disadvantages: In excess of course a piece of software has a weakness, weakness of VB VB does not have the database itself and usually VB using databases such as: mysql, sql server, microsoft access. Besides not having their own database of VB does not have support for creating reports of congenital VB itself, but together with a vb other software eg Crystal Report or Microsoft access to build a report. 3.4 Application in Visual Basic Ø Network Programming Ø Making windows based application Ø Programs to make the web Example program: Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To 3 Console.Write ("*") Next 5. Ruby language 5.1 History Ruby is a scripting programming language is object oriented. The purpose of the ruby is to combine all the advantages of scripting programming languages in the world. Ruby written in C with basic skills such as Perl and Python. Ruby was first created by a Japanese programmer named Yukihiro Matsumoto. Writing Ruby began in February 1993 and in December 1994 released the alpha version of ruby. In the early development of Ruby, Yukihiro meulis Ruby itself until the year 1996 formed a community that many mengkotribusikan Ruby Ruby. 5.2. Advantages and Disadvantages Pros: Ø simple syntax Ø Have a good Exception Handling Ø OOP Ø Single inheritance Ø Supported by Linux OS, Windows, MacOS X, OS / 2, BeOS, and Unix. Ø scripting programming language is object oriented Ø Having a garbage collector that automatically removes unwanted information from the memory Weaknesses: Ø Multithreading. Implementation is still a thread in ruby green thread, not a native thread. This makes the application GUI (desktop) with a background thread can not be implemented in ruby. Ø Virtual Memory, still fully Interpreted ruby ruby so that programs tend to be slow. Ø Spek. ruby current specification (syntax, behavior, etc.) is the original implementation of Matz ruby. Ø IDE. Currently the quality IDE for ruby is still far than the. Net and java. But with IDE ruby bermunculnya made with java.net, conditions are somewhat changed. But because the ruby language is very dynamic, it is difficult to get comprehensive information about the structure of a ruby program statically. Ruby 5.3 Applications Ø The implementation of Ruby on JRuby and Rubinius Ø Ruby can be applied to Asynchronous JavaScript and XML technologies (AJAX). Ø Ruby on Rails to create web framework Examples of programs: > To repeat
#! / Usr / bin / ruby
count = 0
while count <10
puts "count =" + count.to_s
count + = 1
end
Source:
Concept Books Language C Programming Language by Jogianto Hartono, MBA, Ph.D.
www.wikipedia.com
http://buletin.melsa.net.id/okt/1020/bahasa-java.html
http://sangmurid.blogsome.com/2007/05/02/2-kelebihan-dan-kekurangan
http://zezitomartins.blogspot.com/2008/10/oop-bahasa-programing-prosedur.html
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