KNOW TECHNOLOGY Android

GOOGLE AS A DEVELOPER Android

Abstract:

Android is a software platform for mobile devices powered by Google OS, originally developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance. This allows the developers to write managed code in the Java language, the control device through the Google developed Java libraries. Applications written in C and other languages can be compiled to ARM native code and running, but the construction of this road is not officially supported by Google.

Android is an open operating system intended for mobile devices (mobile device). Dikembagkan by the Open Handset Alliance, which consists of software developers, hardware and providers such as Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, and NVIDIA which aims to create an open standard for mobile devices (mobile device). As of July 2005 had been acquired by google android on 5 November 2007 and then officially released by Google's Android. In the development of android applications Android SDK provides the tools and APIs to provide application developers with flatform android. Android using Java as the language pemogramannya, so for those of you who've been playing with java it never hurts to try Android.

Keywords: android, google

Preliminary

In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, United States. Android's co-founders who went to work at Google included Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (head of design interface and development in Webtv). At that time, little is known about the functions of Android, Inc. other than those who create software for mobile phones. This began rumors that Google has plans to enter the phone market, although it 's not clear what the function might do in the market. At Google, a team led by Rubin, who developed the mobile device platform backed by Google's OS that is marketed to handset makers and operators on the premise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system.

Systems Development Method

Developing Java Applications library written in C and other languages

Company founder is the Open Handset Alliance. Sources flagship model is the open source and free software. Android 21 October 2008 released earlier. Monolithic Kernel Kind Linux. License Apache 2.0 and GPLv2. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices, based on the Linux kernel, originally developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance. This allows the developers to write managed code in the Java language, the control device through the Google Java libraries developed applications written in C and other languages can be compiled to native code and run ARM, Opening of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 have been announced to establish a consortium of 48 hardware, software, and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Android from code licensed under Apache, a free software and open source licenses.

In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, United States. Android's co-founders who went to work at Google included Andy Rubin, co-founder of Danger, Rich Miner co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Nick Sears once VP at T-Mobile, and Chris White's head interface design and development in Webtv At that time, little is known about the functions of Android, Inc. other than those who create software for mobile phones. This began rumors that Google has plans to enter the phone market, although it is unclear what the function might be doing at Google pasar.Di, a team led by Rubin, to develop Linux-based mobile OS that is marketed to handset makers and operators on the premise of providing a flexible , upgradeable system.

Android at the Googleplex.

Reports from the BBC and The Wall Street Journal that Google has developed a Google-branded handset. More speculation followed that statement because Google has determined the technical specifications, he showed the prototype to cell phone manufacturers and network operators. As many as 30 prototype phones are reported to operasi.Google has filed several patent applications in the fields of cellular phones.

"The announcement is more ambitious than today's single 'Google Phone' that the press has been speculating about for weeks. Our vision is our strong platform that will power the opening of thousands of different phone models." - Eric Schmidt, Google Chairman / CEO

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of several companies including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, Sprint Nextel and NVIDIA, was unveiled with the aim to develop open standards for mobile devices. Along with the formation of the Open Handset Alliance, the OHA also unveiled their first product, Android, mobile devices platform built on Linux kernel version 2.6. On December 9, 2008, he announced that 14 new members will join the Android project, including: Sony Ericsson, Vodafone Group Plc, ARM Holdings Plc, Asustek Computer Inc., Toshiba Corp. and Garmin Ltd..

Google Chairman and CEO Eric Schmidt took a few times in the official press release to remove all previous rumors and speculation about the existence of Google phone independent. Android has been available in the form of open source. Google opens the source code (including the telephone network and the previous arrangement was not available, under the Apache license.

With the Apache License, vendors are free to add extensions ownership without sending them back to the open source community. Android has been criticized for not all open source software despite what was announced by Google.: The SDK is an exclusive and closed-source and believe this is so that Google can control the platform.

4. Results and Discussion

History

July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc.., A rapidly growing company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. Founder of Android, Inc.. including the Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. But at this moment only a handful of people know the functions of Android, Inc.. in addition they are making software for mobile phones. Rumor had developed when Google acquired Android, Inc.. that Google is planning to enter the phone market is not yet known but will like what Google's share of the world's mobile phones.

At Google, a team led by Rubin developed a basic platform of mobile devices with the Linux kernel which was sold to handset makers and telecom services. As the news circulated that Google already has hardware components and levels of software partners and signaled to the telecommunications service provider that they offer is open. Speculation about Google's targeted for mobile phones are increasingly growing that they will soon announce it in the month of December 2006. More and more rumors saying that Google is developing Google branded mobile phone. There are as many as 30 prototype phones are reported to have functioned at that time.

September 2007, Google filed a patent is known in the field of cellular phones.

Development

Android has experienced since the launch of first renewal.

Cupcake

30 April 2009 was officially launched Cupcake with several new features:

The ability to record and play video in camcorder mode

Upload videos to Youtube and photos directly from mobile phones to Picasa

Keyboard with soft keys features "autocomplete"

Ability of a direct connection to a Bluetooth headset

Widgets and the new folder

Animation

Improved copy-paste capabilities

Donut

15 September 2009, Donut (Donut) launched:

Android Market update

Interface cameras, camcorders, and an integrated gallery

Elimination of photos in the gallery can be done in multiple (many files)

Voice Search updated with faster response and better integration with the ability to call contacts

Improved search features for bookmarks, history, contacts, and web directly from the standby display

Updates technological support CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x VPN, Gesture, and Text-to-speech

Improved speed in the search

Eclair

October 26, 2009

Improved hardware speed

New applications "Car Home"

Support the resolution and screen size developed

The new browser interface

List of new contacts

Black-white ratio for better background

Google Maps 3.1.2

Microsoft Exchange Support

Support for camera flash

Digital zoom

Virtual keyboard repaired

Bluetooth 2.1

Android soulless devices

The first devices running Android operating system and is widely marketed is the HTC Dream which is released on October 22, 2008. By the end of 2009 certainly will circulate around 18 phones using Android.

Android will be launched with core applications (See the top layer is application layer) such as email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts. All applications are written using Java.

Then Look at the second layer (Arsitektor Framework API).

Developers have full access to the same used by the Application Core (Core Application), so developers can change the default standard application browser, email client, SMS program browser.email applications such as client, SMS made by developers themselves. Developers can use the available components to develop or modify new applications. For example Look at the view system framework, with a view component system, the Developer can use to build user interface components including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons and components in a web browser. This can summarize the progress of time the developer team. Content Provider Framework enables applications to access data in other applications such as Contacts or can also divide the data into other applications.

If not satisfied by utilizing a second layer, there is a third layer containing the Library. This third layer is a layer that can also be found on other operating systems, within the existing layer components are written in the native language C / C + +. The difference of Android Runtime components. In runtime, the available library functions of the Java Programming Language.

Every Android application, running on its own in-process instance (the Indonesian language, why?) By Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik governing this is the low-level threading and memory management. Dalvik Virtual Machine works just like the Java Virtual Machine and BREW runtime. Dalvik Virtual Machines execute files in the format. DEX (dalvik Executable), VM is register based and run the classes that have been compiled by the Java Language Compiler.

Bottom layer or the number four is the most important layer of the Linux Kernel version 2.6 to serve the core operating system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack and driver model. Kernel also acts as an Abstraction Layer between hardware and software stack.

There are four basic that we must understand in building Android-based applications:

Activity, is a graphical interface that we see when running an application. applications can have more than one Activity

Intent, is a set of values that indicate what should be done when there is movement of the screen

Service, is a service that works in Backend

Content providers, enables an application to store and receive data from the database.

Android Application

Released (preinstalled)

HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1)

The HTC Dream (also marketed as the T-Mobile G1, G1 era in Poland, Dream Rogers in Canada) is the first to market phones that use the Android platform. The phone is part of the open standards efforts of the Open Handset Alliance.

The Magic HTC. The Magic Dream similar but without the slide-out keyboard, rather than using a keyboard on the screen.

China launched its version of the company Qigi i6 (formerly Windows Mobile) devices running Android on the moon in December 2008. Devices manufactured by Chinese ODM TechFaith.

HKC Pearl, who claimed to dual-boot Windows Mobile 6.1 and Android.

HKC Imobile v413, build a similar Android HTC Touch.

Samsung I7500 announced in April 2009 for release in June.

Released (aftermarket installation)

Some users have been able (with some amount of hacking, and with limited functionality) to install Android on other mobile devices that shipped with the OSes:

The OpenMoko phone (Neo 1973 and Neo FreeRunner) is also very supportive since the release of Google Android source code on October 21, 2008. On November 4, 2008, all the source compiles the stack, with the kernel, users and most applications work, but the phone, SMS, suspend / resume and wifi, which relies on low-level hardware features, does not fully work. In early 2009 Cupcake and pictures that show is available as a flashable image

Motorola A1200 Sun

HTC Kaiser: port is in progress, all features are not functioning at this time

HTC Vogue

HTC Touch Diamond: Not all functions work (including Wifi

HTC Touch Pro

Nokia N810

Nokia 770

Asus EeePC 701

Asus EeePC 1000H

Book of touch Always inovati

Dell Axim x51v

HTC Touch HD: similar to the Touch Diamond, not all features function as wifi and audio during voice calls

Upcoming

In September 2008, Motorola has confirmed that he worked on hardware products that will run Android.

Huawei plans to release a phone that will run on

Android T-Mobile. This however does not set a date until June 2009 after.

Archos plans to launch a new device, which will incorporate a significant media capabilities with Android OPERATING system.

Lenovo's working on Android-based phone that supports China's 3G standard TD-SCDMA.

HTC is planning a "portfolio" of Android-based phone. which will be released in the middle of 2009, including HTC Magic, unveiled on February 17, 2009 at 2009 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Spain. The Magic HTC will be released with the "Cupcake" built with his debut on May 5.

Sony Ericsson is waiting for better multi-media support for Android 2.0.

GiiNii Movit Mini is an Internet device based on Google's Android operating system.

Acer is rumored to be releasing a phone called the L1, C1, E1, F1, and A1 (unconfirmed) at the end of 2009.

ODM Yuhua of China's first Android phone, dual SIM DSTL1 will be released in June under the General Mobile brand. The Company is planning more Android devices.

Skytone, distributors and software developers from Skytone Alpha-400 netbook announced a release of Android, the Alpha-680.

Kogan Technologies, Australia's manufacturing technology, has announced the Android compatible fit: in Kogan and Kogan agora agora Pro. This match is scheduled to be released on January 29, 2009. In mid-January 2009, Kogan announced that an appropriate release has been delayed indefinitely agora.

Android Excellence

Some key advantages that distinguish devices on the Android platform from similar products:

1. Openness - Android provides access to the basic functions of mobile devices using standard calls to the API.

2. The destruction of the border - you can combine information from the Internet into the phone, such as contact information, or data on the geographical location to get a new chance.

The similarity of applications - for Android is no difference between the main phone applications and other software - you can even change the program to dial the number, or screen saver.

4. Quick and easy development - in the SDK has everything you need to create and run Android applications, including instrument simulator, and advanced debugging tools.

Software Development

Early feedback on the development of applications for the Android platform have been mixed. Issues cited include bugs, lack of documentation, inadequate QA infrastructure, and no public issue-tracking system. (Google's issue tracker which was announced on January 18, 2008) In December 2007, MergeLab mobile startup founder Adam Macbeth stated, "Function does not exist, are poorly documented or just does not work ... This is clearly not ready for prime time." Although Thus, targeted Android applications have begun to emerge in a week after the platform was announced. First commonly available is the application of Snake game. The Android Dev-open phone is SIM unlocked and hardware devices that are designed for advanced developers. While developers can use a device commonly purchased retail consumers to test and use the applications, some developers may choose not to use the retail device, selecting an open or no-contract device.

4.7 Software Development Kit

Android SDK includes a comprehensive set of development tools. It includes debugger, libraries, a handset emulator (based on QEMU), documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Currently supported platforms include the development of x86-architecture computer running Linux (any modern desktop Linux Distribution), Mac OS X 10.4.8 or later, Windows XP or Vista. Requirements also include the Java Development Kit, Apache Ant, and Python 2.2 or newer. Which are officially supported integrated development environment (IDE) is the Eclipse (3.2 or newer) to use the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin, although the developer can use any text editor to edit Java and XML files and then use the command line tool to create, build and debug Android applications. Preview release of the Android software development kit (SDK) has been released on 12 November 2007. On July 15, 2008, the Android Developer Challenge Team accidentally sent an email to all entrants in the Android Developer Challenge has announced that the new SDK is available in "private" Download. Email is meant for the winner in the first round in the Android Developer Challenge. Derived that Google has provided a new release of the SDK for other developers and some do not (and maintain this arrangement private) has been reported to cause a lot of frustration within the Android developer community.

On August 18, 2008 in Android 0.9 SDK beta was released. This release provides an update and expansion of the API, the improvement and development tools

updated for the design of the home screen. Detailed instructions for upgrading are available for those who have worked with previous releases. On December 23

September 2008 the Android SDK 1.0 (Release 1) has been released. According to the release notes, he included "mainly bug fixes, although some smaller features added." This API also includes several changes from version 0.9.

On March 9, 2009, Google launched a version 1.1 for the android phone dev. Although there are some aesthetic updates, some important updates including support for "search by voice, the price of apps, alarm clock repairs, send gmail freeze fix, repair intervals and fresh notification letters, reviews and now the world map." Another important update is that the phone can now be paid Dev apps and developers can now see them on the Android Market.

8.4 Developer Challenge

Android Developer Challenge is a competition of the most innovative applications for Android. Google offers a total prize of U.S. $ 10 million, distributed between the ADC ADC I and II. ADC input I received from January 2 to 14 April 2008. 50 most promising entries, announced on May 12, 2008, each received a $ 25,000 award to fund further development. There was ended in early September with the announcement of the ten teams each received $ 275,000, and ten teams received $ 100,000 each. ADC II has been announced on May 27, 2009.

5. Conclusions & Suggestions

Conclusion

As a project search and online advertising, Google is growing rapidly, is evident in the development of features and facilities provided services ranging from web search, free email, video, google applications including launching Android as an operating system for mobile phones which is a competitor to the iPhone (Apple).

Suggestion

The unrestrictive licensing terms of Android has allowed companies to use Android to restrict their own customers. For example, tethering (PC or laptop Internet connectivity via mobile phones) is prohibited by T-Mobile USA, and Google has been blocked as an application for users who are in the United States. This also means that special operators can apps as selected by Google. However, this problem is true of any device on your network, regardless of the OS. Android uses the Linux kernel, but, according to Google, not the Linux operating system (either a native windowing system, and do not support the full set of standard Linux libraries, including GNU C Library). These specific properties make it difficult to return an existing Linux applications or libraries. Android does not use the Java standard established, namely SE and Java ME. This prevents compatibility among Java applications written to relax on and a platform for the Android platform. Android only reuses the Java language syntax, but does not give the whole class libraries and APIs bundled with Java SE or ME.

6. Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Android

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google